First Dynasty ( 3100 - 2900 BC )

• 1- NARMER

Palette of Narmer

Tomb: Narmer's tomb in Umm el-Qa'ab near Abydos in Upper Egypt consists of two joined chambers (B17 and B18). 

Narmer Macehead

Narmer's tomb

• 2- Khenthap= HOR-AHA- Benerib 

Tombs: Hor-Aha's tomb is located in the necropolis of the kings of the 1st Dynasty at Abydos, known as the Umm el-Qa'ab.

Activities:A visit to a shrine of the goddess Neith is recorded on several tablets from his reign, the first known representation of the sacred Henu-barque of the god Seker- was found engraved on a year tablet dating from his reign.
Inscription on an ivory tablet from Abydos suggests that Hor-Aha led an expedition against the Nubians.
During Hor-Aha's reign, trade with the Southern Levant seems to have been on the decline.

Art: Fragmented ebony label of Hor-Aha relating a visit of the king to the shrine of the goddess Neith of Sais in the DeltaIvory label bearing the serekh of Hor-AhaCopper tool bearing the serekh of Hor-Aha, Ivory label inscribed with the serekh of Hor-Aha and bearing the name of his wife Benerib.Cylinder vessel of Hor-Aha Cylinder vessel of Hor-Aha from Saqqara, First Dynasty; Museum August Kestner.
-His reign contained for 62 years

The tomb of Hor-Aha

Titulary of Hor-Aha

Naqada Label

The names of Horus Aha and Benerib on an ivory box.

• 3- Herneith=DJER- Nakhtneith

Reign: 41 years, c. 3000 BC

-Djer was buried in Umm el-Qa'ab at Abydos. Djer's tomb is tomb O of Petrie.

Tomb: Djer's tomb is tomb O of Petrie, in Umm el-Qa'ab, Abydos.

ART: Ceremonial flint knife with the Horus name of Djer inscribed on its gold handle, on display at the Royal Ontario Museum. Seal impression with the serekh of Djer found in Abydos, on display at the British Museum. Label from Tomb of King Djer,  Abydos, Close-up view of Djer's serekh on the ceremonial flint knife of the Royal Ontario Museum..

Small ivory label of Djer mentioning the name of a fortress or domain of the king "Hor-Djer-ib".

A stela of Djer, now in the Cairo Museum, probably comes from Abydos.

Inscription of his name (of questioned authenticity, however) at Wadi Halfa, Sudan.

Jar from Turah with the name of Djer.

The inscriptions, on ivory and wood, are in a very early form of hieroglyphs.

Label from Tomb of Djer, Abydos

Tomb of Djer

Cylinder seal impression depicting Djer before  canine standards wearing the Hedjetand Deshret  crowns and holding the flail

Small ivory label of Djermentioning the name of a fortressor domain of the king "Hor-Djer-ib"

• 4- DJET =Meryetneith"sister"
  

Reign: How long Djet ruled is unknown.

Tomb: Djet's tomb is located at Abydos in Petrie's Tomb Z

Art: Ivory comb bearing Djet's name, Stela of Djet.

The famous stela of King Djet which once stood next to his tomb  in the Umm el-Qa'ab, Louvre Museum.

⬆ Fragment of an object bearing the serekh  of Djet and the name of a court official  Sekhemkasedj, Egyptian Museum.

Den wearing the Double Crown

• 5- DEN =Seshemetka Semas-Serethor

reign:20 years

Tomb: ("Tomb T") in the Umm El Qa'ab area of Abydos.

Art: Ebony Label Of Den- British Museum-August 19-08 Close up Of Sed Festival Portion, Ebony Label Of Den-British Museum. 

Tomb of King Den

Den’s first victory in the east, smiting down an Asiatic  looking enemy on the so-called MacGregor label

Horus Name: (Hr dn)  Horus who hits Nebti Name: (nb.tj xAs.tj) Nebti of the desert

• 6- ADJIB=Batirytes 

 Reign:8-10 years, ca. 2930 BC

Art: Pharaoh Adjib on a stone bowl fragment. Cartouche name Merbiape from the Abydos King List.

Stone vessel fragment bearing Adjib serekh.

Tomb: Graftombe in Umm el-Qaab: Tombe X. Seal impression of king Adjib. 

 Horus Name: ( Hr anD-ib ) Horus, safe of hear  

Nebti Name: ( nb.tj mr-p-biA ) Nebti Merpebia

One of several carvings referring to cult statues of Horus Anedjib.

Seal impression of king Anedjib

• 7- SEMERKHET

reign :18 years

Art: Semsu, cartouche name of Semerkhet in  the Abydos king list.

-Pottery shard inscribed with Semerkhet's serekh name, originally from his tomb, now in the Petrie Museum, UC 36756

-Calcite dish, from Royal Tomb "U" , Semerkhet, at Abydos, Egypt, First Dynasty, The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London

Tomb: Semerkhet's tomb in the Umm el-Qa'ab.

Tomb Stela of Semerkhet

Ivory label of Semerkhet, on display in the British Museum. The right section, introduced by the 'year'-sign Renpet (a bald palm stem), reports -from top to bottom- a feast of the Sokar-bark, a visitation to the temple of the ancestor-deity, Wer-Wadyt, and the travelling in a royal boat. The left part of the label shows the throne name Iry-Nebty of Semerkhet with a blessing wish below. On the upper left corner is described the content of the jar, to which the label was once adjusted. Also the name of the high official Henuka is preserved, who was obviously responsible for the delivery of the mentioned jar.

(Wikipedia)

Map of Semerkhet's tomb in the Umm el-Qa'ab

• 8- QAA

Reign:33 years, ca.2910BC

Tomb:  Tomb Q, Umm el-Qa'ab

Art: Qebeh, cartouche name of Qa'a in the Abydos king list.

• Horus Name : 

( Hr q(A)- a )Horus (with) the extended arm

• Nebti Name :

( nb.tj q(3)-a ) Extended arm (of the) Two Ladies
( nb.tj sn ) Brother of the Two Ladies
( nb.tj sn ) Brother of the Two Ladies

The tomb of King Qa'a